Wildfire-SSR: A Multimodal Wildfire Risk Assessment Model Integrating Satellite Imagery and Street View Data

Wildfire-SSR is a geospatial-aware multimodal model that innovatively integrates high-resolution satellite imagery and location-tagged street view data to achieve joint prediction of building contour detection and wildfire risk levels. It breaks through the limitations of traditional coarse-grained assessment and provides refined solutions for disaster prevention, insurance actuarial science, urban planning, and other fields.

With the intensification of global climate change, the frequency and intensity of wildfire disasters are increasing. Traditional assessments rely on macro regional division and single data sources, making it difficult to accurately determine the risk level of individual buildings and unable to meet the needs of refined disaster prevention. To address this pain point, Wildfire-SSR proposes a multimodal fusion method that combines satellite remote sensing and street view analysis to achieve accurate building-level prediction, considering both geographical location and building structure characteristics.

Multimodal Data Fusion

The model processes two types of heterogeneous data: 1. High-resolution satellite imagery (macro geographical environment, vegetation coverage, and other regional-scale risk factors); 2. Street view images and descriptions (micro attributes such as building materials, roof types, and distance to surrounding vegetation).

Joint Prediction Framework

End-to-end joint learning to simultaneously complete: building contour detection (extracting boundaries from satellite imagery to generate segmentation masks) and wildfire risk level classification (outputting three categories: high/medium/low), with the two tasks mutually reinforcing each other.

Geospatial Awareness Mechanism

Encode latitude and longitude into spatial feature embeddings, learn the correlation between geographical location and fire risk, capture regional climate and vegetation patterns, and improve cross-regional generalization ability.

Insurance Actuarial Science and Pricing

Supports building-level risk assessment, helps insurance companies implement differentiated pricing, and reduces adverse selection risks.

Urban Planning and Land Use

Identifies high-risk areas, assists in the configuration of fire prevention facilities in new development zones, and sets priorities for fire prevention renovations in existing areas.

Emergency Response and Resource Allocation

Establishes dynamic risk maps, optimizes fire patrol routes and resource pre-positioning, and supports evacuation decisions and rescue deployment during fires.

Climate Change Research

Monitors and predicts long-term trends, quantifies the impact of climate change on regional wildfire risks, and provides a basis for policy formulation.

Data Preprocessing Pipeline

Includes geometric/atmospheric correction of satellite imagery, street view de-identification, spatial registration and alignment of multi-source data, and data augmentation to improve robustness.

Model Training Strategy

Uses a multi-task loss function to balance dual-task learning, class weights to address uneven distribution of risk levels, and learning rate warm-up + cosine annealing to ensure convergence.

Interpretability Design

Integrates attention visualization to highlight key image areas affecting predictions, improving model credibility and decision transparency.

Limitations: The current version is mainly adapted to North American data; additional training is required for other climate zones/building style regions; street view coverage density affects accuracy in remote areas.

Future Directions: Introduce temporal modeling (historical fire data), integrate weather forecasts (dynamic early warning), develop lightweight versions (edge deployment), and establish a crowdsourced data update mechanism (expand geographic coverage).

Wildfire-SSR is an innovative application of multimodal deep learning in disaster risk assessment. It breaks through traditional granularity limitations through cross-modal and cross-scale data fusion, provides a refined building-level tool, and serves as a reference paradigm for other environmental risk assessment tasks.