Intelligent Log Anomaly Detection System Based on Machine Learning and RAG

This article introduces the Log-Anomaly-Detection intelligent log analysis system, which adopts a three-layer architecture combining traditional machine learning, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and large language models (LLMs) to achieve end-to-end automation from anomaly detection to root cause analysis, aiming to solve practical pain points in operation and maintenance log monitoring.

Modern distributed systems generate massive amounts of log data. Traditional manual monitoring is inefficient and prone to missing key information; conventional anomaly detection algorithms can only provide binary judgments and lack interpretability, leading to long time consumption for operation and maintenance engineers to troubleshoot root causes.

The system uses a three-layer technology stack:

1. Machine Learning Layer: Parses logs to extract feature vectors, identifies anomaly patterns through trained models, and can detect unknown anomalies;
2. RAG Retrieval Layer: Vectorizes anomaly features, retrieves similar historical cases via a vector database, and provides context for root cause analysis;
3. LLM Generation Layer: Takes anomaly features and historical cases as input to generate structured reports including anomaly phenomena, root cause analysis, and repair steps. The data layer uses the HDFS structured log dataset from LogPai/LogHub for validation.

• Modular Design: Each layer is deployed independently, facilitating expansion and maintenance;
• Cloud-Native Architecture: Supports containerized deployment and adapts to Kubernetes environments;
• Interpretable Output: Every conclusion is evidence-based, eliminating black-box alerts.

This system is applicable to:

• Operation and maintenance monitoring centers of large Internet platforms;
• Transaction log auditing of financial systems;
• Status monitoring of IoT devices;
• Health checks of cloud infrastructure.

Log-Anomaly-Detection organically combines traditional machine learning with cutting-edge LLM technologies to solve practical pain points in the operation and maintenance field. The ML+RAG+LLM layered architecture not only ensures detection accuracy but also provides enterprise-level interpretability, offering a valuable implementation paradigm for the AIOps field.