Medhealth_Final: A Hybrid Medical Q&A System Integrating Rule Engine, Semantic Search, and Large Language Model

The Medhealth_Final introduced in this article is an innovative hybrid AI medical Q&A system that integrates three technologies: rule engine, FAISS semantic search, and large language model. It aims to balance the accuracy of medical information and the flexibility of answers, addressing the pain points in the medical AI field where pure rule-based systems lack flexibility and pure large models are prone to hallucinations.

Medical Q&A systems need to balance rigor and intelligence: traditional pure rule-based systems are accurate but lack flexibility, while pure large model systems are intelligent but prone to generating incorrect content (hallucinations), making them unsuitable for high-risk medical scenarios. The Medhealth_Final project was thus born to try to find a balance between the three through a hybrid architecture.

Precise Control by Rule Engine

Handles structured queries (e.g., drug dosage, contraindications) to ensure answers are definite, traceable, and compliant with medical regulations.

Knowledge Retrieval via FAISS Semantic Search

Implemented based on the FAISS library, it understands the deep meaning of queries, associates related concepts (e.g., dizziness vs. vertigo), retrieves large-scale medical knowledge bases in milliseconds, and improves information comprehensiveness and efficiency.

Intelligent Integration and Generation by Large Language Model

Uses Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to integrate outputs from the previous two tiers into natural and coherent answers, reducing the risk of hallucinations and explaining professional concepts in plain language.

Multi-Source Information Fusion Strategy

Hierarchical decision-making mechanism: prioritize rule engine answers → supplement with semantic search → comprehensive generation by large model, adapting to different types of questions.

Continuous Update of Medical Knowledge

Modular knowledge base architecture: literature and rule bases can be updated independently without retraining the system, reducing maintenance costs.

Safety and Compliance Design

Built-in multiple safety checks: rule engine guards factual accuracy, semantic search ensures traceable sources, and large model outputs are strictly constrained.

The system is applicable to four scenarios:

1. Patient self-consultation: Obtain preliminary health information and advice, and clarify the timing for professional medical consultation;
2. Medical staff assistance: Quickly query drug interactions, diagnosis and treatment guidelines, etc., to improve work efficiency;
3. Medical education: Case discussions, knowledge self-tests, and provide instant feedback;
4. Health management: Personalized advice for chronic disease patients such as daily diet, exercise, and medication reminders.

The hybrid architecture idea of Medhealth_Final can be extended to professional fields such as law and finance. In the future, with the advancement of large model technology and the improvement of medical knowledge graphs, the system will become more intelligent and reliable; adding multimodal capabilities (e.g., medical image analysis) can further expand the application boundaries.