Early Prediction System for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on Hybrid CNN-RNN Neural Network

This project is an open-source initiative that uses a hybrid CNN-RNN deep learning model to realize early risk prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus, with an accuracy rate of 97%, and provides a Flask real-time prediction interface. It aims to address the problem of late intervention windows in traditional screening and has important clinical value for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common complication during pregnancy, affecting 2%-10% of pregnant women globally, with higher rates in some regions. Without timely intervention, it can lead to adverse outcomes such as macrosomia and premature birth, and increase the mother's future risk of type 2 diabetes. Traditional OGTT screening is performed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, missing the optimal early intervention window, so developing an early prediction system is of great significance.

The project adopts a hybrid CNN-RNN architecture:

• CNN Layer: Extracts local patterns and spatial correlations, identifies combination patterns of physiological indicators (blood pressure, blood glucose, BMI, etc.), and learns hierarchical features through convolution and pooling.
• RNN Layer: Captures temporal change trends, uses LSTM/GRU to model the impact of the change trajectory of gestational week indicators on the disease. The hybrid architecture understands both the importance of indicator combinations and their evolution, improving prediction accuracy.

Dataset: Covers features such as demographics (age, parity, etc.), physiological indicators (BMI, fasting blood glucose, etc.), lifestyle, and past medical history. Preprocessing: Missing value imputation, outlier detection, feature standardization. Training Strategy: Supervised learning, data augmentation, L2 regularization, Dropout to prevent overfitting, and K-fold cross-validation to ensure stability. Performance: The test set accuracy is 97%, which is better than baselines like logistic regression and random forests, with a good balance between sensitivity and specificity.

The project provides a complete deployment solution:

• Flask Web Application: Medical staff input information and get risk assessment results and recommendations instantly.
• RESTful API: Facilitates integration with HIS/EMR systems.
• Version Management: Supports model version control and hot updates for continuous iterative optimization.

Application Scenarios: Preliminary risk assessment at 12 weeks of pregnancy, personalized intervention, patient education. Limitations: Data representativeness needs to be verified (different races/regions), insufficient interpretability of deep learning models, and need for dynamic updates. Improvement Directions: Expand data coverage, enhance model interpretability, and continuously update the model.

This open-source project demonstrates the potential of AI in early prediction of GDM. The hybrid CNN-RNN architecture achieves an accuracy rate of 97%, and the complete deployment solution promotes the translation of results. It provides technical references for medical AI researchers, and in the future, with data accumulation and algorithm optimization, it will play a greater role in precision medicine.